Gharar Asuransi Adalah – Recently, the demand for financial products in accordance with the principles of Sharia, including Islamic insurance, significantly increases. Sharia insurance is developed on the basis of Islamic law and offers a unique alternative compared to normal insurance. This article is aimed at studying the principles of Indonesian Sharia Insurance and emphasize its differences with conventional insurance.
Before we understand the difference between the traditional and Sharia, we must first understand how the principle of Sharia insurance was built. At least there are some basic things that are the basic principles of Islamic insurance, including:
Gharar Asuransi Adalah
Participants (participant) agreed to help each other in relation to the risks agreed in politics (division of risks). When there is a risk, participants who experience disasters or beneficiaries (s) will help, while other participants coped, because they helped others who experienced the catastrophe.
Asuransi Umum Syari`ah Dalam Praktik Upaya Menghilangkan Gharar, Maisiri, Dan Riba
As a manifestation of an agreement for help, the participants contribute (to ordinary insurance called a “bonus”), the funds of which are included in the virtue fund under the name Tabarre Dana. This fund is a collective fund owned by participants (does not belong to the insurance company), which is used in favor of participants related to insurance benefits.
Insurance companies do not own Tabarra funds, but act only as managers. For this manual, the insurance company has the right to receive UJRAH (FEE), which is included in the company’s funds. With the help of this UJRAH, insurance company is financed by business expenses, such as acquisition, marketing, total and administrative expenses.
Conventional insurance transactions that use the sales and purchase agreement (tobaduli) called Garah (uncertainty) when the insured (insured) pays the bonus, but its contract is uncertain, because it is only in the form of an insurer to provide money for the coating when The risk arises. That is, participants can get a whole, partially or not in all insurance money. This type of uncertainty is called Garah and is prohibited in Sharia. Therefore, in the insurance of Sharia, the contract changes to the Tabaru contract, “whose goal for social security is not commercial. Colleagues help each other in working with risks, and not transfer their risks to insurance companies as ordinary ones.
As a result of the existence of Garahra, the element of gambling (Maysir) will also appear where there will be countries that will benefit, and there are countries that receive injuries when the risk occurs or does not occur. For example, when there is a risk, the insured will be “profitable” from the receipt of claims and vice versa, the company will “lose” because it must pay the claims. With the concept of assistance in help (division of risks), this can be removed in Islamic insurance.
Asuransi Syari`ah Edisi Luks
Sharia insurance eliminates usury, investing its investment in investment instruments in accordance with the principles of Sharia, such as Sharia deposits, Sukuk, Sharia shares, Sharia mutual funds and others. Sharia insurance also prohibits political loans based on interest
Insurance companies can also act as an investment manager of Tabarru funds, as well as investment funds of participants (for insurance products that have an element of investment). The management of the Wakalah Bil Ujrah agreement can use this investment fund, where the insurance company has the right to receive investment management that is not related to the actual investment results. Investment management can also use the MUDHARAB contract, which is an agreement on the exchange of profit between the two countries, namely Shahibul Mal (Insurance) and Mudkharib (Insurance Management) for investment management. It was decided that the ratio of the Mudharab (part of the results), for example, is 60% for the Shahibul shopping center and 40% for Mudkharib from actual investment results. In Indonesia, Islamic investments follow the Favoi of the National Council of the Sharia-Indonesian Council for the Uloma (DSN-Mui) and are legally regulated by the department of financial services, which, of course, relies on these fatwas. The goal of Islamic investments is to avoid things that contradict Islamic teachings such as Wari, Misir, Grar and other prohibited things. Following the DSN-Mui veil for Islamic investments that underlie Islamic investments:
Unlike traditional insurance, Sharia insurance companies have a control council of Sharia. This is intended to ensure that the principle of sharia is actually carried out by the insurance company. Superisory Board Superisory Superisory will perform a supervisory function for the implementation of Sharia principles in operating activities
Hajj: Sharia insurance products can be associated with the initial economy of deposits at the price of Hajj (BipiH), savings for paying for BIPI and protection during the use of worship.
Asuransi Syariah: Apa Itu, Cara Kerja, Prinsip, Dan Kelebihannya
WAQF: referring to the DSN-Mui Fatwa No. 106/DSN-Mui/X/2016 On the insurance benefits of WAQF and investment benefits for life insurance, policies/participants can provide insurance benefits that will be received from heirs (beneficiaries) and advantage investments, obtained from participants from the investment element in politics, to the managing institution WAQF (NAZHIR). To become a Vaqif supplier means that the owner/participant of the policy was a charity organization Jariyah, whose reward continues to flow, even if he left. A happy person is those who stopped their breath, but did not stop the reward
To better understand the difference between general insurance and sharia, you can find a point through the table. Below is a table of differences in Sharia and traditional insurance based on the characteristics of each:
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