Nuclear Technology Applications Upsc – Nuclear technology involves manipulation of atomic nuclei to release energy for various applications. Its basic principles are nuclear exploitation, in which atoms are divided into energy, and the fusion of the nuclear where the atoms connect. This technology ensures electricity, treatment and research production and at the same time affects sustainable development and environmental safety.
Nuclear technology uses energy released from atoms, mainly with nuclear division and fusion to obtain energy, treat and ensure scientific progress.
Nuclear Technology Applications Upsc
Nuclear reactors are devices used to start and control the core chain reactions for a variety of purposes, including energy production, tests and medical applications. They work through the energy released from nuclear flow, where heavy atomic nuclei, usually Uran-235 or Pluto-239, are divided into smaller nuclei when neutrons beat, releasing a significant amount of energy in the form of heat.
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There are several types of nuclear reactors, each designed with special features and technology. Below are basic types:
In addition to electricity production, there are many other beneficial applications for nuclear technology. These include space research, water, agricultural and medical exposure.
Nuclear technology offers significant benefits, including clean energy, medical progress and industrial applications. However, it also causes complex problems in different areas:
Nuclear technology offers a significant potential for pure, high -performance energy production using energy, medicine and research. However, there are problems such as security concerns, waste removal and public perception. Further upgrades and strict rules have a key role in implementing all potential and balanced. Kodol Technology:- The energy released by changing the atomic core is known as nuclear power. Atomic nucleus changes are usually caused by a nuclear fusion or a nuclear splash.
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The technology that manipulates such changes in the nucleus (nuclear reaction) of some specific elements and transforms them into energy is known as nuclear technology. The energy released by the nuclear reaction is very high. For example, by dividing 1 kg of uranium-235, release about 18.5 million kilowatt-hours.
Nuclear reactions naturally occur in the chain reactions and therefore still release energy in continuity. In 1942, the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi successfully developed a nuclear chain reaction.
Nuclear fuel is an element used in nuclear power plants for heat production to feed the turbines.
In addition, in 2011, Indian atom mineral management (AMD) in India discovered a large uranium deposit in the Tummalapalle belt located in the Bhima River Basin in Karnatak.
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Indian Nuclear Program: Nuclear Weapons: 1945-2018 1945: The Institute of Basic Studies is opened. 1948: The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was established under the leadership of Dr. Homi J. Bhabha. 1950s: Indian Ret Earths Limited (Irel) is created as a joint company of the Indian Government and Travancore Government in Cochin. It is controlled by the Department of Nuclear Energy in 1963. 1951: The first uranium deposit in India was opened in Jaduguda. 1954: The Department of Nuclear Energy (DAE) was established. 1957: India established Energy Atomic, Trombay, which will be renamed the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) in 1967. 1962: Heavy water production begins at the German Nangala factory. 1963: The United States and India sign an agreement stating that the United States will provide enriched fuel for Tapur, an Indian nuclear power plant. 1967: Uranium mining operations begin in Jadugud. There was also a uranium mill. 1968: India refuses to join the Num Nuclear Agreement. 1968: Nuclear Fuel Complex is built in Hyderabad at DAE. 1969: Dae are established heavy water projects. It is later renamed a heavy water plate. 1971: India establishes the Reactor Research Center Pod Dae. It is later renamed the Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Center (IGCAR). May 1974: India performs an underground nuclear explosion in Pokhran, Created. India describes the test of “smiling Buddha” as “peaceful nuclear program”. Leads on the performance range of 8 to 12 kilotons. May 1998: India conducts two rounds of nuclear tests. After the first prime minister Atal Behari Vajpaye states that “a splitting device, a low -performance device and a device” has been successfully tested in the desert in Pokhran. Two days later.
The nuclear reactor helps to perform controlled chain reactions and produces energy in a long -term basis. The generated energy can be used for electricity production.
Nuclear fuel is a nuclear reactor used in a splitting material. Basically, the U-233, U-235 and PU-239 are considered to be nuclear fuel cylindrical rods arranged in a regular pattern in the active nucleus of the reactor.
Slowly moving neutrons have a greater tendency to facilitate the splitting reaction than fast -moving neutrons. The average energy of the U-235 divided neutron is 2 MEV. They are fast neutrons and have a low tendency to decompose. It is necessary to slow down the neutrons to facilitate the splitting reaction. The task is made by moderators in nuclear reactors, nuclear reactors, water, solid graphite or heavy water as moderators.
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In the rod, they have the ability to absorb neutrons. Therefore, the nuclear reaction can be controlled by reducing the multiplication factor to unity.
In addition, the reactors are equipped with safety bars to control the bars. These rods can be placed in the reactor to introduce the value of K under unity. Therefore, it ensures the security of energy production.
Nuclear technology refers to the use of nuclear and nuclear reactions on various applications. This includes a number of areas including nuclear, nuclear medicine, nuclear testing, nuclear development and management of nuclear waste.
The production of nuclear power includes the use of nuclear reactions, especially the nuclear splitting to generate heat. This heat is used to generate steam that drives turbines connected to electric generators for electricity. Nuclear power plants use controlled uranium or cord isotope splitting to release large amounts of energy.
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Some benefits of nuclear power include large amounts of electricity with low greenhouse gas emissions, reliability and stability of energy production, high nuclear fuel energy density and reduce relying on fossil fuel. Nuclear power plants can also function permanently without refueling.
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The historic turning point in the Indian nuclear program was achieved when Madras Atomic Atom atom at Madras atomic, Madras, Madras atomic, Madras, Madras Atomic, Madras Atomic in Kalpakkam began a trial. This process means the beginning of Stage II in a three -pillar nuclear program in India. Nuclear Program in India UPSC
Indian Tripane’s nuclear program was provided by Dr. Homi J Bhabha. The program was intended with the extensive target for the use of reserves in the Tor-232 country. India organizes about a quarter of the world’s tracks, and three stages should make the country completely inadequate nuclear power.
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A. Stage and India used the pressure of heavy water reacts (PHWR) with natural uranium-238 (U-238) as fuel. The U-238 was a small amount of U-235 as a splitting material.
B. The nuclear division process was initiated, and heavy water (water molecules containing hydrogen deiteria isotope) slowed down the release of neutrons, which are excreted by one splitting reaction to capture other core U-238 and U-235 and cause new splitting .
Stage II a. However, it is fully consumed in Stage I, so Stage II is designed to use the dog cord-239 (PU-239), which is produced as the end product of the I-238 for energy production, U-233 and more PU- 239.
At the end of the second stage of the cycle, the reactor produces more slit material than it consumes. That’s why it is called a “breeder” reactor. This “fast breeder” neutron reactor is not slowed down.
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Stage III a.
B. At this stage, he uses the naturally available Toro-232 in India and will therefore help to achieve nuclear self-sufficiency.
Dad’s Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) was set up by Homi J. Bhaabha to conduct research in basic science.
The Indian Committee on Nuclear Energy (AEC) was established as a government agency responsible for the formulation and implementation of the country’s nuclear policy.
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The Atomic Energy Department (DAE) was established. He was involved in the development of nuclear technology and the use of radiation therapy technology in the field of agriculture, medicine, industrial and basic study.
The nuclear companies thrombj (AEET) was established by Dr. Homi Bhaabha’s multidisciplinary research program needed for India’s ambitious nuclear program. In 1966, AEET was renamed the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC).
The US and India sign an agreement on the supply of enriched fuel to the Indian Tapura nuclear power plant.
However, India did not sign NPT in 1970, they did not become a member of NSG after India
